When CO2 diffuses out of the lungs into the exhaled air, the partial pressure or maximal concentration of the gas at the end of exhalation can be measured. CO2 concentration reaches a maximum at the end of exhalation. Carbon dioxide (CO2) reflects cardiac output and pulmonary blood flow as the gas is transported by the venous system to the heart and then pumped to the lungs. ETCO2 (End-tidal CO2) is the level of carbon dioxide released at the end of an exhaled breath (expiration).
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